Facilitation
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Welcome to this application Explainer video, part of our LOPA topic range.
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In this video, we will cover the subject of LOPA facilitation in SLM.
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The SLM system can be a stand alone tool for conducting LOPA studies or connecting directly with the HAZOP study.
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Users can identify IPL’s to help close the gaps in the hazardous scenarios and reduce the risk within their facility.
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The following information will be covered in this training.
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Chapter one will be LOPA facilitation overview, Chapter 2 will be creating a LOPA study, Chapter 3 will be creating a LOPA scenario from HAZOP, Chapter 4 will be IPL’s or barriers, Chapter 5 will be enabling events and conditional modifiers and Chapter 6 will be LOPA recommendations.
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In Chapter 1, we will cover the purpose of a layers of protection analysis, LOPA layout and navigation and printing the LOPA study report.
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The layers of Protection analysis or LOPA is used throughout the process safety industry as a semi quantitative method of analysing risk of process hazards.
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Using LOPA allows you to determine the risks associated with various hazardous events, given a severity and initiating event likelihood.
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Using your own company’s risk standards to find a target total event likelihood, you’re able to determine the total amount of risk reduction required and analyse the amount of risk reduction that can be achieved from various existing layers of protection applied to the scenario.
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The LOPUS study as a child of the unit contains and consolidated all hazardous scenarios and how to mitigate them into one view, showing whether the current mitigation strategies have succeeded or not by how much the barriers that are used and the equipment being protected by those barriers.
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These equipments and barriers can also be found in the object tree as children of the unit for ease of navigation.
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The LOPA worksheet, which shows the details of the LOPA scenario, is found as a child of the LOPA study along with any recommendations for that LOPA study.
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LOPA can be purchased and used as a stand alone module.
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However, this is best used when paired with the HAZOP module, allowing scenario information from HAZOP to seamlessly transfer to the LOPA module.
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When creating a LOPA worksheet, this process provides a starting point that allows the mitigation part of the PHA to begin.
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This is accomplished by applying barriers, enabling events and conditional modifiers to close the risk gap for a given scenario.
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If the gap has not been closed, then a recommendation can be made and applied to the scenario.
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This recommendation may take the form of a new SIF, or a redesign of an existing SIF or another IPL whose safety integrity level can be determined directly from the additional risk reduction required.
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Once the LOPA study is complete, a report to display all these details of the LOPA study and each LOPA worksheet can be printed from the LOPA Sheets tab by clicking the Print button in the Templates toolbar.
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In Chapter 2, we’ll cover viewing information on a LOPA study, creating a LOPA study, and associating a LOPA study with a HAZOP study.
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To start the process of facilitating a LOPA, a LOPA study object must be created.
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The LOPA study is a child of the unit and contains the LOPA study tab, which is initial information about the LOPA study and a LOPA study team or participants for that LOPA study.
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If you’re using the HAZOP module, this LOPA study can be connected to a HAZOP study in the HAZOP module by selecting it here.
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Making this connection tells SLM where to place all the scenarios information, allowing you to link and transfer the HAZOP information into a local worksheet containing the same scenario information.
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Next, the local sheet list contains all of the scenarios or a summary of all of those scenarios, including the gap for that scenario, the Ipls that were applied to the scenario, what kind they are, and the equipment being protected for that scenario.
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To create a LOPA study, navigate to its parent unit, click on Edit Tools and add LOPA Study.
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Enter in the ID and press Save.
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In Chapter 3, we’ll cover creating a LOPA scenario from HAZOP and viewing the information transferred from the HAZOP.
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Creating a LOPA scenario from HAZOP starts in the HAZOP module.
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Navigate to the HAZOP study and after choosing the correct node on the Facilitation tab, select the scenario that you want to bring to LOPA.
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Here, this scenario contains all of the information including your cause, consequence, the hazards, targets, any barriers associated with it, and any recommendations.
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Once the link has been created, the LOPA worksheet link will appear here under the LOPA Worksheet column.
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To proceed, select the scenario, click on Single Row Actions, and create LOPA.
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This creates the LOPA worksheet as a child of the LOPA study that had been previously associated with the HAZOP study.
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SLM creates a hyperlink that allows you to navigate easily between the HAZOP and LOPA for the same scenario.
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The initial information of this workflow also brings to LOPA the following HAZOP scenario information.
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The node, the deviation, the equipment, the consequence and severities which will determine the target mitigated event likelihood for each of the consequence categories based on the risk matrix setup.
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Then on the applicable values tab, the cause and the cause likelihood also used to determine the initiating event frequency for that scenario.
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Any Ipls applied to the scenario from HAZOP and any recommendations that come from that Hazop scenario.
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If any of this initial information is inconsistent with what was determined, values can be changed or edited by clicking on the field, entering in a new value, clicking away, and saving those changes.
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The next few chapters we’ll look at how to close the gap for a given scenario by applying your Ipls, conditional modifiers, enabling events and recommendations if needed.
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In Chapter 4, we will cover managing LOPA barrier lists, adding new barriers, applying barriers to a LOPA scenario, and things to consider.
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Are you using the Instrumented Systems module and can the barriers be linked to connect with thesis data?
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Now that we have the basic information and structure for our LOPA scenario, the risk gap needs to be closed.
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Barriers or Ipls are one of the main objects applied to a scenario.
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For this purpose, any barriers included from HAZOP are already listed in the scenario.
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To manage these barriers, click on the Applicable Values tab for the local worksheet and under the Custom Actions section, click on Manage Barriers.
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From here you can edit fields as needed, add new barriers, and link, unlink or delete barriers that are not needed for the scenario.
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To add a new barrier to the scenario, click on the Add Barrier button.
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Enter in the ID for the desired barrier in the Barrier ID field.
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If the barrier already exists, selecting into the drop down will cause the barrier to be linked to that scenario along with the barrier information.
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Otherwise, a new barrier will also be added to the scenario and fill out the necessary fields for completion.
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The barrier category and type will determine the assumed PFD that is filled in.
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From here you can edit any fields as needed.
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The barrier category and type field selection auto fills the assumed PFD values.
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However they can be changed if needed.
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Save changes.
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We’ll save all the changes in terms of linking and adding any barriers to this table.
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Once all the needed barriers have been added, they can be applied to the scenario.
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Here the yes and the grey means that the barrier has been applied.
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So unchecking the box and saving it so you have no and why the barrier is not applied to the scenario.
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The column next to the Yes’s and Nos is the order of activation for the Ipls in that scenario and the third column shows the PFD for the barrier.
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Checking the box to apply the barrier and clicking save will allow you to see its impact on the risk gap for that scenario.
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In Chapter 5, we will cover copying enabling events and conditional modifiers from the global Enabling events and conditional Modifiers and creating enabling events and conditional modifiers after adding barriers.
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Enabling events and conditional modifiers are often considered when assessing the risk of a hazard.
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Enabling Events and Conditional Modifiers Although they are different, they have the same effect in that they can both be applied to close the risk gap of a particular scenario.
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The process to create and apply them to a scenario in SLM works exactly the same way.
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To add an enabling event and conditional modifier, under the Custom Actions menu, select Manage Enabling Events or Manage Conditional Modifiers, we will use the Enabling Events option.
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The lightbox will appear showing 2 tables.
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The top table shows the enabling events added to the scenario or the bottom table shows the list of global enabling events which are managed in the Global module.
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For more on global enabling events and conditional modifiers, see the videos in the Global module video list.
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To copy an enabling event from the Global Enabling Events section in the second table, select the desired enabling event.
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Under the Custom Actions menu, click on Copy Global Enabling Events.
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This will copy all information and values to the first table.
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If there are no global enabling events applicable to the scenario, Enabling events can be added to the first table along with any probability values.
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This will add them specifically to only this scenario.
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Closing the lightbox brings you back to the full scenario where you can apply or unapply those enabling events or conditional modifiers by checking the box yes or no, each contributing to the risk reduction result if applied.
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In Chapter 6, we’ll cover adding new recommendations, applying recommendations to a Lopus scenario, creating action items from recommendations, and things to consider.
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Are there reused recommendations that can be managed and applied to new scenarios if the risk for a scenario has not been sufficiently reduced and the risk gap still exists even after applying all available barriers?
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Enabling events and conditional modifiers recommendations can be applied.
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These recommendations can come from the HAZOP recommendations for that scenario, or a new one can be created to add a recommendation.
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Under the Custom Actions menu, select Manage Recommendations.
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Recommendations In the first table are recommendations that can be applied to the scenario, while the second table displays the recommendation list for the entire LOPA study.
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The second table can be used to add recommendations to the LOPA study list or copy recommendations which will bring that recommendation and its information to the first table, allowing it to be applied to the scenario.
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Before adding new recommendations, consider whether a current LOPA study recommendation can be applied first.
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Recommendations from this list can be applied by selecting the recommendation and copying the recommendation.
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This will now add that recommendation to the list above.
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If a new recommendation is needed, you can add 1 by clicking the Add Recommendation button in the first table and fill out the appropriate fields, including the RRF.
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To add this local recommendation as an action item, click on the Add Action Item button for that recommendation.
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This will automatically add a new recommendation action item to the Action Item Tracker module.
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For more on this, see the video on Action Items.
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Once the recommendation has been created, it can be applied to the scenario.
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This can happen the same way enabling events and conditional modifiers and barriers were applied, by checking or unchecking the box to apply or unapply those recommendations.
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The effects of the recommendation can be seen in the LOPA Results with Recommendations section.
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For more on the calculations used to close the risk gap, see the video on LOPA calculations.
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In this example, Now that we have applied the recommendation, the gap is closed and the LOPA result has passed.
